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For /home/ss5/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.22.0/bin/benchmarkanything-storage
  Run on Mon Jan 29 16:55:34 2018
Reported on Mon Jan 29 16:57:07 2018

Filename/home/ss5/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.22.0/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux/Socket.pm
StatementsExecuted 29 statements in 1.83ms
Subroutines
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200211110ms110msSocket::::getaddrinfoSocket::getaddrinfo (xsub)
11143µs43µsSocket::::CORE:regcompSocket::CORE:regcomp (opcode)
1031113µs13µsSocket::::CORE:matchSocket::CORE:match (opcode)
1118µs9µsSocket::::BEGIN@3Socket::BEGIN@3
1116µs6µsSocket::::BEGIN@4Socket::BEGIN@4
1116µs74µsSocket::::BEGIN@688Socket::BEGIN@688
1116µs27µsSocket::::BEGIN@687Socket::BEGIN@687
1115µs13µsSocket::::BEGIN@919Socket::BEGIN@919
1112µs2µsSocket::::BEGIN@807Socket::BEGIN@807
2212µs2µsSocket::::CORE:qrSocket::CORE:qr (opcode)
0000s0sSocket::::__ANON__[:920]Socket::__ANON__[:920]
0000s0sSocket::::fake_getaddrinfoSocket::fake_getaddrinfo
0000s0sSocket::::fake_getnameinfoSocket::fake_getnameinfo
0000s0sSocket::::fake_makeerrSocket::fake_makeerr
0000s0sSocket::::sockaddr_inSocket::sockaddr_in
0000s0sSocket::::sockaddr_in6Socket::sockaddr_in6
0000s0sSocket::::sockaddr_unSocket::sockaddr_un
Call graph for these subroutines as a Graphviz dot language file.
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Code
1package Socket;
2
3214µs211µs
# spent 9µs (8+1) within Socket::BEGIN@3 which was called: # once (8µs+1µs) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 3
use strict;
# spent 9µs making 1 call to Socket::BEGIN@3 # spent 2µs making 1 call to strict::import
42238µs16µs
# spent 6µs within Socket::BEGIN@4 which was called: # once (6µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 4
{ use 5.006001; }
# spent 6µs making 1 call to Socket::BEGIN@4
5
62700nsour $VERSION = '2.018';
7
8=head1 NAME
9
10C<Socket> - networking constants and support functions
11
12=head1 SYNOPSIS
13
14C<Socket> a low-level module used by, among other things, the L<IO::Socket>
15family of modules. The following examples demonstrate some low-level uses but
16a practical program would likely use the higher-level API provided by
17C<IO::Socket> or similar instead.
18
19 use Socket qw(PF_INET SOCK_STREAM pack_sockaddr_in inet_aton);
20
21 socket(my $socket, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
22 or die "socket: $!";
23
24 my $port = getservbyname "echo", "tcp";
25 connect($socket, pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton("localhost")))
26 or die "connect: $!";
27
28 print $socket "Hello, world!\n";
29 print <$socket>;
30
31See also the L</EXAMPLES> section.
32
33=head1 DESCRIPTION
34
35This module provides a variety of constants, structure manipulators and other
36functions related to socket-based networking. The values and functions
37provided are useful when used in conjunction with Perl core functions such as
38socket(), setsockopt() and bind(). It also provides several other support
39functions, mostly for dealing with conversions of network addresses between
40human-readable and native binary forms, and for hostname resolver operations.
41
42Some constants and functions are exported by default by this module; but for
43backward-compatibility any recently-added symbols are not exported by default
44and must be requested explicitly. When an import list is provided to the
45C<use Socket> line, the default exports are not automatically imported. It is
46therefore best practice to always to explicitly list all the symbols required.
47
48Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided: the constants
49C<CR>, C<LF>, and C<CRLF>, as well as C<$CR>, C<$LF>, and C<$CRLF>, which map
50to C<\015>, C<\012>, and C<\015\012>. If you do not want to use the literal
51characters in your programs, then use the constants provided here. They are
52not exported by default, but can be imported individually, and with the
53C<:crlf> export tag:
54
55 use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);
56
57 $sock->print("GET / HTTP/1.0$CRLF");
58
59The entire getaddrinfo() subsystem can be exported using the tag C<:addrinfo>;
60this exports the getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() functions, and all the
61C<AI_*>, C<NI_*>, C<NIx_*> and C<EAI_*> constants.
62
63=cut
64
65=head1 CONSTANTS
66
67In each of the following groups, there may be many more constants provided
68than just the ones given as examples in the section heading. If the heading
69ends C<...> then this means there are likely more; the exact constants
70provided will depend on the OS and headers found at compile-time.
71
72=cut
73
74=head2 PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ...
75
76Protocol family constants to use as the first argument to socket() or the
77value of the C<SO_DOMAIN> or C<SO_FAMILY> socket option.
78
79=head2 AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ...
80
81Address family constants used by the socket address structures, to pass to
82such functions as inet_pton() or getaddrinfo(), or are returned by such
83functions as sockaddr_family().
84
85=head2 SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ...
86
87Socket type constants to use as the second argument to socket(), or the value
88of the C<SO_TYPE> socket option.
89
90=head2 SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC
91
92Linux-specific shortcuts to specify the C<O_NONBLOCK> and C<FD_CLOEXEC> flags
93during a C<socket(2)> call.
94
95 socket( my $sockh, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0 )
96
97=head2 SOL_SOCKET
98
99Socket option level constant for setsockopt() and getsockopt().
100
101=head2 SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ...
102
103Socket option name constants for setsockopt() and getsockopt() at the
104C<SOL_SOCKET> level.
105
106=head2 IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ...
107
108Socket option name constants for IPv4 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IP>
109level.
110
111=head2 IPTOS_LOWDELAY, IPTOS_THROUGHPUT, IPTOS_RELIABILITY, ...
112
113Socket option value constants for C<IP_TOS> socket option.
114
115=head2 MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ...
116
117Message flag constants for send() and recv().
118
119=head2 SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR
120
121Direction constants for shutdown().
122
123=head2 INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE
124
125Constants giving the special C<AF_INET> addresses for wildcard, broadcast,
126local loopback, and invalid addresses.
127
128Normally equivalent to inet_aton('0.0.0.0'), inet_aton('255.255.255.255'),
129inet_aton('localhost') and inet_aton('255.255.255.255') respectively.
130
131=head2 IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ...
132
133IP protocol constants to use as the third argument to socket(), the level
134argument to getsockopt() or setsockopt(), or the value of the C<SO_PROTOCOL>
135socket option.
136
137=head2 TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ...
138
139Socket option name constants for TCP socket options at the C<IPPROTO_TCP>
140level.
141
142=head2 IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
143
144Constants giving the special C<AF_INET6> addresses for wildcard and local
145loopback.
146
147Normally equivalent to inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::") and
148inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1") respectively.
149
150=head2 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ...
151
152Socket option name constants for IPv6 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IPV6>
153level.
154
155=cut
156
157# Still undocumented: SCM_*, SOMAXCONN, IOV_MAX, UIO_MAXIOV
158
159=head1 STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS
160
161The following functions convert between lists of Perl values and packed binary
162strings representing structures.
163
164=cut
165
166=head2 $family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr
167
168Takes a packed socket address (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
169pack_sockaddr_un() or the perl builtin functions getsockname() and
170getpeername()). Returns the address family tag. This will be one of the
171C<AF_*> constants, such as C<AF_INET> for a C<sockaddr_in> addresses or
172C<AF_UNIX> for a C<sockaddr_un>. It can be used to figure out what unpack to
173use for a sockaddr of unknown type.
174
175=head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
176
177Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque string (as returned by
178inet_aton(), or a v-string). Returns the C<sockaddr_in> structure with those
179arguments packed in and C<AF_INET> filled in. For Internet domain sockets,
180this structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(),
181connect(), and send().
182
183=head2 ($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr
184
185Takes a C<sockaddr_in> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
186getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of two elements: the port and an
187opaque string representing the IP address (you can use inet_ntoa() to convert
188the address to the four-dotted numeric format). Will croak if the structure
189does not represent an C<AF_INET> address.
190
191In scalar context will return just the IP address.
192
193=head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
194
195=head2 ($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr
196
197A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in(). In list context,
198unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the port and IP address.
199In scalar context, packs its port and IP address arguments as a C<sockaddr_in>
200and returns it.
201
202Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
203pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.
204
205=head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
206
207Takes two to four arguments, a port number, an opaque string (as returned by
208inet_pton()), optionally a scope ID number, and optionally a flow label
209number. Returns the C<sockaddr_in6> structure with those arguments packed in
210and C<AF_INET6> filled in. IPv6 equivalent of pack_sockaddr_in().
211
212=head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
213
214Takes a C<sockaddr_in6> structure. Returns a list of four elements: the port
215number, an opaque string representing the IPv6 address, the scope ID, and the
216flow label. (You can use inet_ntop() to convert the address to the usual
217string format). Will croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_INET6>
218address.
219
220In scalar context will return just the IP address.
221
222=head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
223
224=head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
225
226A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In list context,
227unpacks its argument according to unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In scalar context,
228packs its arguments according to pack_sockaddr_in6().
229
230Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
231pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6() explicitly.
232
233=head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path
234
235Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the C<sockaddr_un> structure with that
236path packed in with C<AF_UNIX> filled in. For C<PF_UNIX> sockets, this
237structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),
238and send().
239
240=head2 ($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr
241
242Takes a C<sockaddr_un> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_un(),
243getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of one element: the pathname. Will
244croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_UNIX> address.
245
246=head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path
247
248=head2 ($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr
249
250A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un(). In a list context,
251unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the pathname. In a
252scalar context, packs its pathname as a C<sockaddr_un> and returns it.
253
254Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
255pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un() explicitly.
256
257These are only supported if your system has E<lt>F<sys/un.h>E<gt>.
258
259=head2 $ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface
260
261Takes an IPv4 multicast address and optionally an interface address (or
262C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq> structure with those arguments packed
263in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP>
264sockopts.
265
266=head2 ($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq
267
268Takes an C<ip_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv4
269multicast address and interface address.
270
271=head2 $ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface
272
273Takes an IPv4 multicast address, source address, and optionally an interface
274address (or C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq_source> structure with those
275arguments packed in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP>
276and C<IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
277
278=head2 ($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq
279
280Takes an C<ip_mreq_source> structure. Returns a list of three elements; the
281IPv4 multicast address, source address and interface address.
282
283=head2 $ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex
284
285Takes an IPv6 multicast address and an interface number. Returns the
286C<ipv6_mreq> structure with those arguments packed in. Suitable for use with
287the C<IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
288
289=head2 ($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq
290
291Takes an C<ipv6_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv6
292address and an interface number.
293
294=cut
295
296=head1 FUNCTIONS
297
298=cut
299
300=head2 $ip_address = inet_aton $string
301
302Takes a string giving the name of a host, or a textual representation of an IP
303address and translates that to an packed binary address structure suitable to
304pass to pack_sockaddr_in(). If passed a hostname that cannot be resolved,
305returns C<undef>. For multi-homed hosts (hosts with more than one address),
306the first address found is returned.
307
308For portability do not assume that the result of inet_aton() is 32 bits wide,
309in other words, that it would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.
310
311This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
312code should use getaddrinfo() or inet_pton() instead for IPv6 support.
313
314=head2 $string = inet_ntoa $ip_address
315
316Takes a packed binary address structure such as returned by
317unpack_sockaddr_in() (or a v-string representing the four octets of the IPv4
318address in network order) and translates it into a string of the form
319C<d.d.d.d> where the C<d>s are numbers less than 256 (the normal
320human-readable four dotted number notation for Internet addresses).
321
322This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
323code should use getnameinfo() or inet_ntop() instead for IPv6 support.
324
325=head2 $address = inet_pton $family, $string
326
327Takes an address family (such as C<AF_INET> or C<AF_INET6>) and a string
328containing a textual representation of an address in that family and
329translates that to an packed binary address structure.
330
331See also getaddrinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to look up
332socket addresses given hostnames or textual addresses.
333
334=head2 $string = inet_ntop $family, $address
335
336Takes an address family and a packed binary address structure and translates
337it into a human-readable textual representation of the address; typically in
338C<d.d.d.d> form for C<AF_INET> or C<hhhh:hhhh::hhhh> form for C<AF_INET6>.
339
340See also getnameinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to turn
341socket addresses into human-readable textual representations.
342
343=head2 ($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints]
344
345Given both a hostname and service name, this function attempts to resolve the
346host name into a list of network addresses, and the service name into a
347protocol and port number, and then returns a list of address structures
348suitable to connect() to it.
349
350Given just a host name, this function attempts to resolve it to a list of
351network addresses, and then returns a list of address structures giving these
352addresses.
353
354Given just a service name, this function attempts to resolve it to a protocol
355and port number, and then returns a list of address structures that represent
356it suitable to bind() to. This use should be combined with the C<AI_PASSIVE>
357flag; see below.
358
359Given neither name, it generates an error.
360
361If present, $hints should be a reference to a hash, where the following keys
362are recognised:
363
364=over 4
365
366=item flags => INT
367
368A bitfield containing C<AI_*> constants; see below.
369
370=item family => INT
371
372Restrict to only generating addresses in this address family
373
374=item socktype => INT
375
376Restrict to only generating addresses of this socket type
377
378=item protocol => INT
379
380Restrict to only generating addresses for this protocol
381
382=back
383
384The return value will be a list; the first value being an error indication,
385followed by a list of address structures (if no error occurred).
386
387The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
388or printable as a human-readable error message string. If no error occurred it
389will be zero numerically and an empty string.
390
391Each value in the results list will be a hash reference containing the following
392fields:
393
394=over 4
395
396=item family => INT
397
398The address family (e.g. C<AF_INET>)
399
400=item socktype => INT
401
402The socket type (e.g. C<SOCK_STREAM>)
403
404=item protocol => INT
405
406The protocol (e.g. C<IPPROTO_TCP>)
407
408=item addr => STRING
409
410The address in a packed string (such as would be returned by
411pack_sockaddr_in())
412
413=item canonname => STRING
414
415The canonical name for the host if the C<AI_CANONNAME> flag was provided, or
416C<undef> otherwise. This field will only be present on the first returned
417address.
418
419=back
420
421The following flag constants are recognised in the $hints hash. Other flag
422constants may exist as provided by the OS.
423
424=over 4
425
426=item AI_PASSIVE
427
428Indicates that this resolution is for a local bind() for a passive (i.e.
429listening) socket, rather than an active (i.e. connecting) socket.
430
431=item AI_CANONNAME
432
433Indicates that the caller wishes the canonical hostname (C<canonname>) field
434of the result to be filled in.
435
436=item AI_NUMERICHOST
437
438Indicates that the caller will pass a numeric address, rather than a hostname,
439and that getaddrinfo() must not perform a resolve operation on this name. This
440flag will prevent a possibly-slow network lookup operation, and instead return
441an error if a hostname is passed.
442
443=back
444
445=head2 ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]]
446
447Given a packed socket address (such as from getsockname(), getpeername(), or
448returned by getaddrinfo() in a C<addr> field), returns the hostname and
449symbolic service name it represents. $flags may be a bitmask of C<NI_*>
450constants, or defaults to 0 if unspecified.
451
452The return value will be a list; the first value being an error condition,
453followed by the hostname and service name.
454
455The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
456or printable as a human-readable error message string. The host and service
457names will be plain strings.
458
459The following flag constants are recognised as $flags. Other flag constants may
460exist as provided by the OS.
461
462=over 4
463
464=item NI_NUMERICHOST
465
466Requests that a human-readable string representation of the numeric address be
467returned directly, rather than performing a name resolve operation that may
468convert it into a hostname. This will also avoid potentially-blocking network
469IO.
470
471=item NI_NUMERICSERV
472
473Requests that the port number be returned directly as a number representation
474rather than performing a name resolve operation that may convert it into a
475service name.
476
477=item NI_NAMEREQD
478
479If a name resolve operation fails to provide a name, then this flag will cause
480getnameinfo() to indicate an error, rather than returning the numeric
481representation as a human-readable string.
482
483=item NI_DGRAM
484
485Indicates that the socket address relates to a C<SOCK_DGRAM> socket, for the
486services whose name differs between TCP and UDP protocols.
487
488=back
489
490The following constants may be supplied as $xflags.
491
492=over 4
493
494=item NIx_NOHOST
495
496Indicates that the caller is not interested in the hostname of the result, so
497it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the hostname.
498
499=item NIx_NOSERV
500
501Indicates that the caller is not interested in the service name of the result,
502so it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the service
503name.
504
505=back
506
507=head1 getaddrinfo() / getnameinfo() ERROR CONSTANTS
508
509The following constants may be returned by getaddrinfo() or getnameinfo().
510Others may be provided by the OS.
511
512=over 4
513
514=item EAI_AGAIN
515
516A temporary failure occurred during name resolution. The operation may be
517successful if it is retried later.
518
519=item EAI_BADFLAGS
520
521The value of the C<flags> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the $flags parameter to
522getnameinfo() contains unrecognised flags.
523
524=item EAI_FAMILY
525
526The C<family> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the family of the socket address
527passed to getnameinfo() is not supported.
528
529=item EAI_NODATA
530
531The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() did not provide any usable address
532data.
533
534=item EAI_NONAME
535
536The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() does not exist, or the address
537supplied to getnameinfo() is not associated with a host name and the
538C<NI_NAMEREQD> flag was supplied.
539
540=item EAI_SERVICE
541
542The service name supplied to getaddrinfo() is not available for the socket
543type given in the $hints.
544
545=back
546
547=cut
548
549=head1 EXAMPLES
550
551=head2 Lookup for connect()
552
553The getaddrinfo() function converts a hostname and a service name into a list
554of structures, each containing a potential way to connect() to the named
555service on the named host.
556
557 use IO::Socket;
558 use Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM getaddrinfo);
559
560 my %hints = (socktype => SOCK_STREAM);
561 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo("localhost", "echo", \%hints);
562 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
563
564 my $sock;
565
566 foreach my $ai (@res) {
567 my $candidate = IO::Socket->new();
568
569 $candidate->socket($ai->{family}, $ai->{socktype}, $ai->{protocol})
570 or next;
571
572 $candidate->connect($ai->{addr})
573 or next;
574
575 $sock = $candidate;
576 last;
577 }
578
579 die "Cannot connect to localhost:echo" unless $sock;
580
581 $sock->print("Hello, world!\n");
582 print <$sock>;
583
584Because a list of potential candidates is returned, the C<while> loop tries
585each in turn until it finds one that succeeds both the socket() and connect()
586calls.
587
588This function performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname(),
589getservbyname(), inet_aton() and pack_sockaddr_in().
590
591In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
592
593=head2 Making a human-readable string out of an address
594
595The getnameinfo() function converts a socket address, such as returned by
596getsockname() or getpeername(), into a pair of human-readable strings
597representing the address and service name.
598
599 use IO::Socket::IP;
600 use Socket qw(getnameinfo);
601
602 my $server = IO::Socket::IP->new(LocalPort => 12345, Listen => 1) or
603 die "Cannot listen - $@";
604
605 my $socket = $server->accept or die "accept: $!";
606
607 my ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo($socket->peername);
608 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
609
610 print "The peer is connected from $hostname\n";
611
612Since in this example only the hostname was used, the redundant conversion of
613the port number into a service name may be omitted by passing the
614C<NIx_NOSERV> flag.
615
616 use Socket qw(getnameinfo NIx_NOSERV);
617
618 my ($err, $hostname) = getnameinfo($socket->peername, 0, NIx_NOSERV);
619
620This function performs the work of the legacy functions unpack_sockaddr_in(),
621inet_ntoa(), gethostbyaddr() and getservbyport().
622
623In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
624
625=head2 Resolving hostnames into IP addresses
626
627To turn a hostname into a human-readable plain IP address use getaddrinfo()
628to turn the hostname into a list of socket structures, then getnameinfo() on
629each one to make it a readable IP address again.
630
631 use Socket qw(:addrinfo SOCK_RAW);
632
633 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo($hostname, "", {socktype => SOCK_RAW});
634 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
635
636 while( my $ai = shift @res ) {
637 my ($err, $ipaddr) = getnameinfo($ai->{addr}, NI_NUMERICHOST, NIx_NOSERV);
638 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
639
640 print "$ipaddr\n";
641 }
642
643The C<socktype> hint to getaddrinfo() filters the results to only include one
644socket type and protocol. Without this most OSes return three combinations,
645for C<SOCK_STREAM>, C<SOCK_DGRAM> and C<SOCK_RAW>, resulting in triplicate
646output of addresses. The C<NI_NUMERICHOST> flag to getnameinfo() causes it to
647return a string-formatted plain IP address, rather than reverse resolving it
648back into a hostname.
649
650This combination performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname()
651and inet_ntoa().
652
653=head2 Accessing socket options
654
655The many C<SO_*> and other constants provide the socket option names for
656getsockopt() and setsockopt().
657
658 use IO::Socket::INET;
659 use Socket qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_RCVBUF IPPROTO_IP IP_TTL);
660
661 my $socket = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalPort => 0, Proto => 'udp')
662 or die "Cannot create socket: $@";
663
664 $socket->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 64*1024) or
665 die "setsockopt: $!";
666
667 print "Receive buffer is ", $socket->getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF),
668 " bytes\n";
669
670 print "IP TTL is ", $socket->getsockopt(IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL), "\n";
671
672As a convenience, L<IO::Socket>'s setsockopt() method will convert a number
673into a packed byte buffer, and getsockopt() will unpack a byte buffer of the
674correct size back into a number.
675
676=cut
677
678=head1 AUTHOR
679
680This module was originally maintained in Perl core by the Perl 5 Porters.
681
682It was extracted to dual-life on CPAN at version 1.95 by
683Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
684
685=cut
686
687216µs248µs
# spent 27µs (6+21) within Socket::BEGIN@687 which was called: # once (6µs+21µs) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 687
use Carp;
# spent 27µs making 1 call to Socket::BEGIN@687 # spent 21µs making 1 call to Exporter::import
6882203µs2142µs
# spent 74µs (6+68) within Socket::BEGIN@688 which was called: # once (6µs+68µs) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 688
use warnings::register;
# spent 74µs making 1 call to Socket::BEGIN@688 # spent 68µs making 1 call to warnings::register::import
689
6901400nsrequire Exporter;
6911200nsrequire XSLoader;
69214µsour @ISA = qw(Exporter);
693
694# <@Nicholas> you can't change @EXPORT without breaking the implicit API
695# Please put any new constants in @EXPORT_OK!
696
697# List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
698# consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
69918µsour @EXPORT = qw(
700 PF_802 PF_AAL PF_APPLETALK PF_CCITT PF_CHAOS PF_CTF PF_DATAKIT
701 PF_DECnet PF_DLI PF_ECMA PF_GOSIP PF_HYLINK PF_IMPLINK PF_INET PF_INET6
702 PF_ISO PF_KEY PF_LAST PF_LAT PF_LINK PF_MAX PF_NBS PF_NIT PF_NS PF_OSI
703 PF_OSINET PF_PUP PF_ROUTE PF_SNA PF_UNIX PF_UNSPEC PF_USER PF_WAN
704 PF_X25
705
706 AF_802 AF_AAL AF_APPLETALK AF_CCITT AF_CHAOS AF_CTF AF_DATAKIT
707 AF_DECnet AF_DLI AF_ECMA AF_GOSIP AF_HYLINK AF_IMPLINK AF_INET AF_INET6
708 AF_ISO AF_KEY AF_LAST AF_LAT AF_LINK AF_MAX AF_NBS AF_NIT AF_NS AF_OSI
709 AF_OSINET AF_PUP AF_ROUTE AF_SNA AF_UNIX AF_UNSPEC AF_USER AF_WAN
710 AF_X25
711
712 SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_RAW SOCK_RDM SOCK_SEQPACKET SOCK_STREAM
713
714 SOL_SOCKET
715
716 SO_ACCEPTCONN SO_ATTACH_FILTER SO_BACKLOG SO_BROADCAST SO_CHAMELEON
717 SO_DEBUG SO_DETACH_FILTER SO_DGRAM_ERRIND SO_DOMAIN SO_DONTLINGER
718 SO_DONTROUTE SO_ERROR SO_FAMILY SO_KEEPALIVE SO_LINGER SO_OOBINLINE
719 SO_PASSCRED SO_PASSIFNAME SO_PEERCRED SO_PROTOCOL SO_PROTOTYPE
720 SO_RCVBUF SO_RCVLOWAT SO_RCVTIMEO SO_REUSEADDR SO_REUSEPORT
721 SO_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_NETWORK
722 SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_TRANSPORT SO_SNDBUF SO_SNDLOWAT SO_SNDTIMEO
723 SO_STATE SO_TYPE SO_USELOOPBACK SO_XOPEN SO_XSE
724
725 IP_OPTIONS IP_HDRINCL IP_TOS IP_TTL IP_RECVOPTS IP_RECVRETOPTS
726 IP_RETOPTS
727
728 MSG_BCAST MSG_BTAG MSG_CTLFLAGS MSG_CTLIGNORE MSG_CTRUNC MSG_DONTROUTE
729 MSG_DONTWAIT MSG_EOF MSG_EOR MSG_ERRQUEUE MSG_ETAG MSG_FIN
730 MSG_MAXIOVLEN MSG_MCAST MSG_NOSIGNAL MSG_OOB MSG_PEEK MSG_PROXY MSG_RST
731 MSG_SYN MSG_TRUNC MSG_URG MSG_WAITALL MSG_WIRE
732
733 SHUT_RD SHUT_RDWR SHUT_WR
734
735 INADDR_ANY INADDR_BROADCAST INADDR_LOOPBACK INADDR_NONE
736
737 SCM_CONNECT SCM_CREDENTIALS SCM_CREDS SCM_RIGHTS SCM_TIMESTAMP
738
739 SOMAXCONN
740
741 IOV_MAX
742 UIO_MAXIOV
743
744 sockaddr_family
745 pack_sockaddr_in unpack_sockaddr_in sockaddr_in
746 pack_sockaddr_in6 unpack_sockaddr_in6 sockaddr_in6
747 pack_sockaddr_un unpack_sockaddr_un sockaddr_un
748
749 inet_aton inet_ntoa
750);
751
752# List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
753# consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
75414µsour @EXPORT_OK = qw(
755 CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF
756
757 SOCK_NONBLOCK SOCK_CLOEXEC
758
759 IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP
760 IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_MULTICAST_IF IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
761 IP_MULTICAST_TTL
762
763 IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_TCP
764 IPPROTO_UDP
765
766 IPTOS_LOWDELAY IPTOS_THROUGHPUT IPTOS_RELIABILITY IPTOS_MINCOST
767
768 TCP_CONGESTION TCP_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT TCP_CORK TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT TCP_INFO
769 TCP_INIT_CWND TCP_KEEPALIVE TCP_KEEPCNT TCP_KEEPIDLE TCP_KEEPINTVL
770 TCP_LINGER2 TCP_MAXRT TCP_MAXSEG TCP_MD5SIG TCP_NODELAY TCP_NOOPT
771 TCP_NOPUSH TCP_QUICKACK TCP_SACK_ENABLE TCP_STDURG TCP_SYNCNT
772 TCP_WINDOW_CLAMP
773
774 IN6ADDR_ANY IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
775
776 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_JOIN_GROUP
777 IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP IPV6_MTU IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS
778 IPV6_MULTICAST_IF IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS IPV6_V6ONLY
779
780 pack_ip_mreq unpack_ip_mreq pack_ip_mreq_source unpack_ip_mreq_source
781
782 pack_ipv6_mreq unpack_ipv6_mreq
783
784 inet_pton inet_ntop
785
786 getaddrinfo getnameinfo
787
788 AI_ADDRCONFIG AI_ALL AI_CANONIDN AI_CANONNAME AI_IDN
789 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES AI_NUMERICHOST
790 AI_NUMERICSERV AI_PASSIVE AI_V4MAPPED
791
792 NI_DGRAM NI_IDN NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES
793 NI_NAMEREQD NI_NOFQDN NI_NUMERICHOST NI_NUMERICSERV
794
795 NIx_NOHOST NIx_NOSERV
796
797 EAI_ADDRFAMILY EAI_AGAIN EAI_BADFLAGS EAI_BADHINTS EAI_FAIL EAI_FAMILY
798 EAI_NODATA EAI_NONAME EAI_PROTOCOL EAI_SERVICE EAI_SOCKTYPE EAI_SYSTEM
799);
800
801191µs10313µsour %EXPORT_TAGS = (
# spent 13µs making 103 calls to Socket::CORE:match, avg 122ns/call
802 crlf => [qw(CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF)],
803 addrinfo => [qw(getaddrinfo getnameinfo), grep m/^(?:AI|NI|NIx|EAI)_/, @EXPORT_OK],
804 all => [@EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK],
805);
806
807
# spent 2µs within Socket::BEGIN@807 which was called: # once (2µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 816
BEGIN {
808 sub CR () {"\015"}
809 sub LF () {"\012"}
810 sub CRLF () {"\015\012"}
811
812 # These are not gni() constants; they're extensions for the perl API
813 # The definitions in Socket.pm and Socket.xs must match
814 sub NIx_NOHOST() {1 << 0}
815 sub NIx_NOSERV() {1 << 1}
8161234µs12µs}
# spent 2µs making 1 call to Socket::BEGIN@807
817
8181700ns*CR = \CR();
8191200ns*LF = \LF();
8201200ns*CRLF = \CRLF();
821
822sub sockaddr_in {
823 if (@_ == 6 && !wantarray) { # perl5.001m compat; use this && die
824 my($af, $port, @quad) = @_;
825 warnings::warn "6-ARG sockaddr_in call is deprecated"
826 if warnings::enabled();
827 pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton(join('.', @quad)));
828 } elsif (wantarray) {
829 croak "usage: (port,iaddr) = sockaddr_in(sin_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
830 unpack_sockaddr_in(@_);
831 } else {
832 croak "usage: sin_sv = sockaddr_in(port,iaddr))" unless @_ == 2;
833 pack_sockaddr_in(@_);
834 }
835}
836
837sub sockaddr_in6 {
838 if (wantarray) {
839 croak "usage: (port,in6addr,scope_id,flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6(sin6_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
840 unpack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
841 }
842 else {
843 croak "usage: sin6_sv = sockaddr_in6(port,in6addr,[scope_id,[flowinfo]])" unless @_ >= 2 and @_ <= 4;
844 pack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
845 }
846}
847
848sub sockaddr_un {
849 if (wantarray) {
850 croak "usage: (filename) = sockaddr_un(sun_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
851 unpack_sockaddr_un(@_);
852 } else {
853 croak "usage: sun_sv = sockaddr_un(filename)" unless @_ == 1;
854 pack_sockaddr_un(@_);
855 }
856}
857
8581244µs1240µsXSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
# spent 240µs making 1 call to XSLoader::load
859
8601200nsmy %errstr;
861
8621400nsif( defined &getaddrinfo ) {
863 # These are not part of the API, nothing uses them, and deleting them
864 # reduces the size of %Socket:: by about 12K
8651500ns delete $Socket::{fake_getaddrinfo};
8661400ns delete $Socket::{fake_getnameinfo};
867} else {
868 require Scalar::Util;
869
870 *getaddrinfo = \&fake_getaddrinfo;
871 *getnameinfo = \&fake_getnameinfo;
872
873 # These numbers borrowed from GNU libc's implementation, but since
874 # they're only used by our emulation, it doesn't matter if the real
875 # platform's values differ
876 my %constants = (
877 AI_PASSIVE => 1,
878 AI_CANONNAME => 2,
879 AI_NUMERICHOST => 4,
880 AI_V4MAPPED => 8,
881 AI_ALL => 16,
882 AI_ADDRCONFIG => 32,
883 # RFC 2553 doesn't define this but Linux does - lets be nice and
884 # provide it since we can
885 AI_NUMERICSERV => 1024,
886
887 EAI_BADFLAGS => -1,
888 EAI_NONAME => -2,
889 EAI_NODATA => -5,
890 EAI_FAMILY => -6,
891 EAI_SERVICE => -8,
892
893 NI_NUMERICHOST => 1,
894 NI_NUMERICSERV => 2,
895 NI_NOFQDN => 4,
896 NI_NAMEREQD => 8,
897 NI_DGRAM => 16,
898
899 # Constants we don't support. Export them, but croak if anyone tries to
900 # use them
901 AI_IDN => 64,
902 AI_CANONIDN => 128,
903 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 256,
904 AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 512,
905 NI_IDN => 32,
906 NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 64,
907 NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 128,
908
909 # Error constants we'll never return, so it doesn't matter what value
910 # these have, nor that we don't provide strings for them
911 EAI_SYSTEM => -11,
912 EAI_BADHINTS => -1000,
913 EAI_PROTOCOL => -1001
914 );
915
916 foreach my $name ( keys %constants ) {
917 my $value = $constants{$name};
918
9192626µs220µs
# spent 13µs (5+7) within Socket::BEGIN@919 which was called: # once (5µs+7µs) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 919
no strict 'refs';
# spent 13µs making 1 call to Socket::BEGIN@919 # spent 7µs making 1 call to strict::unimport
920 defined &$name or *$name = sub () { $value };
921 }
922
923 %errstr = (
924 # These strings from RFC 2553
925 EAI_BADFLAGS() => "invalid value for ai_flags",
926 EAI_NONAME() => "nodename nor servname provided, or not known",
927 EAI_NODATA() => "no address associated with nodename",
928 EAI_FAMILY() => "ai_family not supported",
929 EAI_SERVICE() => "servname not supported for ai_socktype",
930 );
931}
932
933# The following functions are used if the system does not have a
934# getaddrinfo(3) function in libc; and are used to emulate it for the AF_INET
935# family
936
937# Borrowed from Regexp::Common::net
93816µs11µsmy $REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL = qr/25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}/;
# spent 1µs making 1 call to Socket::CORE:qr
939160µs244µsmy $REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD = qr/$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL/;
# spent 43µs making 1 call to Socket::CORE:regcomp # spent 600ns making 1 call to Socket::CORE:qr
940
941sub fake_makeerr
942{
943 my ( $errno ) = @_;
944 my $errstr = $errno == 0 ? "" : ( $errstr{$errno} || $errno );
945 return Scalar::Util::dualvar( $errno, $errstr );
946}
947
948sub fake_getaddrinfo
949{
950 my ( $node, $service, $hints ) = @_;
951
952 $node = "" unless defined $node;
953
954 $service = "" unless defined $service;
955
956 my ( $family, $socktype, $protocol, $flags ) = @$hints{qw( family socktype protocol flags )};
957
958 $family ||= Socket::AF_INET(); # 0 == AF_UNSPEC, which we want too
959 $family == Socket::AF_INET() or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
960
961 $socktype ||= 0;
962
963 $protocol ||= 0;
964
965 $flags ||= 0;
966
967 my $flag_passive = $flags & AI_PASSIVE(); $flags &= ~AI_PASSIVE();
968 my $flag_canonname = $flags & AI_CANONNAME(); $flags &= ~AI_CANONNAME();
969 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & AI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICHOST();
970 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & AI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICSERV();
971
972 # These constants don't apply to AF_INET-only lookups, so we might as well
973 # just ignore them. For AI_ADDRCONFIG we just presume the host has ability
974 # to talk AF_INET. If not we'd have to return no addresses at all. :)
975 $flags &= ~(AI_V4MAPPED()|AI_ALL()|AI_ADDRCONFIG());
976
977 $flags & (AI_IDN()|AI_CANONIDN()|AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
978 croak "Socket::getaddrinfo() does not support IDN";
979
980 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
981
982 $node eq "" and $service eq "" and return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
983
984 my $canonname;
985 my @addrs;
986 if( $node ne "" ) {
987 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numerichost and $node !~ m/^$REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD$/ );
988 ( $canonname, undef, undef, undef, @addrs ) = gethostbyname( $node );
989 defined $canonname or return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
990
991 undef $canonname unless $flag_canonname;
992 }
993 else {
994 $addrs[0] = $flag_passive ? Socket::inet_aton( "0.0.0.0" )
995 : Socket::inet_aton( "127.0.0.1" );
996 }
997
998 my @ports; # Actually ARRAYrefs of [ socktype, protocol, port ]
999 my $protname = "";
1000 if( $protocol ) {
1001 $protname = eval { getprotobynumber( $protocol ) };
1002 }
1003
1004 if( $service ne "" and $service !~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1005 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numericserv );
1006 getservbyname( $service, $protname ) or return fake_makeerr( EAI_SERVICE() );
1007 }
1008
1009 foreach my $this_socktype ( Socket::SOCK_STREAM(), Socket::SOCK_DGRAM(), Socket::SOCK_RAW() ) {
1010 next if $socktype and $this_socktype != $socktype;
1011
1012 my $this_protname = "raw";
1013 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_STREAM() and $this_protname = "tcp";
1014 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_DGRAM() and $this_protname = "udp";
1015
1016 next if $protname and $this_protname ne $protname;
1017
1018 my $port;
1019 if( $service ne "" ) {
1020 if( $service =~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1021 $port = "$service";
1022 }
1023 else {
1024 ( undef, undef, $port, $this_protname ) = getservbyname( $service, $this_protname );
1025 next unless defined $port;
1026 }
1027 }
1028 else {
1029 $port = 0;
1030 }
1031
1032 push @ports, [ $this_socktype, eval { scalar getprotobyname( $this_protname ) } || 0, $port ];
1033 }
1034
1035 my @ret;
1036 foreach my $addr ( @addrs ) {
1037 foreach my $portspec ( @ports ) {
1038 my ( $socktype, $protocol, $port ) = @$portspec;
1039 push @ret, {
1040 family => $family,
1041 socktype => $socktype,
1042 protocol => $protocol,
1043 addr => Socket::pack_sockaddr_in( $port, $addr ),
1044 canonname => undef,
1045 };
1046 }
1047 }
1048
1049 # Only supply canonname for the first result
1050 if( defined $canonname ) {
1051 $ret[0]->{canonname} = $canonname;
1052 }
1053
1054 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), @ret );
1055}
1056
1057sub fake_getnameinfo
1058{
1059 my ( $addr, $flags, $xflags ) = @_;
1060
1061 my ( $port, $inetaddr );
1062 eval { ( $port, $inetaddr ) = Socket::unpack_sockaddr_in( $addr ) }
1063 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
1064
1065 my $family = Socket::AF_INET();
1066
1067 $flags ||= 0;
1068
1069 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & NI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICHOST();
1070 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & NI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICSERV();
1071 my $flag_nofqdn = $flags & NI_NOFQDN(); $flags &= ~NI_NOFQDN();
1072 my $flag_namereqd = $flags & NI_NAMEREQD(); $flags &= ~NI_NAMEREQD();
1073 my $flag_dgram = $flags & NI_DGRAM() ; $flags &= ~NI_DGRAM();
1074
1075 $flags & (NI_IDN()|NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
1076 croak "Socket::getnameinfo() does not support IDN";
1077
1078 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
1079
1080 $xflags ||= 0;
1081
1082 my $node;
1083 if( $xflags & NIx_NOHOST ) {
1084 $node = undef;
1085 }
1086 elsif( $flag_numerichost ) {
1087 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1088 }
1089 else {
1090 $node = gethostbyaddr( $inetaddr, $family );
1091 if( !defined $node ) {
1092 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if $flag_namereqd;
1093 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1094 }
1095 elsif( $flag_nofqdn ) {
1096 my ( $shortname ) = split m/\./, $node;
1097 my ( $fqdn ) = gethostbyname $shortname;
1098 $node = $shortname if defined $fqdn and $fqdn eq $node;
1099 }
1100 }
1101
1102 my $service;
1103 if( $xflags & NIx_NOSERV ) {
1104 $service = undef;
1105 }
1106 elsif( $flag_numericserv ) {
1107 $service = "$port";
1108 }
1109 else {
1110 my $protname = $flag_dgram ? "udp" : "";
1111 $service = getservbyport( $port, $protname );
1112 if( !defined $service ) {
1113 $service = "$port";
1114 }
1115 }
1116
1117 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), $node, $service );
1118}
1119
1120182µs1;
 
# spent 13µs within Socket::CORE:match which was called 103 times, avg 122ns/call: # 103 times (13µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 801, avg 122ns/call
sub Socket::CORE:match; # opcode
# spent 2µs within Socket::CORE:qr which was called 2 times, avg 900ns/call: # once (1µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 938 # once (600ns+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 939
sub Socket::CORE:qr; # opcode
# spent 43µs within Socket::CORE:regcomp which was called: # once (43µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at line 939
sub Socket::CORE:regcomp; # opcode
# spent 110ms within Socket::getaddrinfo which was called 2002 times, avg 55µs/call: # 2002 times (110ms+0s) by IO::Socket::IP::_io_socket_ip__configure at line 494 of IO/Socket/IP.pm, avg 55µs/call
sub Socket::getaddrinfo; # xsub